\documentclass[border=5pt, tikz]{standalone}

\usepackage[scheme=plain]{ctex}

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\node [minimum width=10em, minimum height=10em, draw=blue, outer sep=0pt] (a) {节点};

\foreach \pos/\qos in {east/west, south/north, west/east, north/south, south east/north west, north east/south west, south west/north east, north west/south east} {
    \draw [draw=none, fill=red] (a.\pos) circle (1pt);
    \node [anchor=\qos] at (a.\pos) {\pos};
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}